CO2 capture

EEC Programs

ICE-COOL, EU-program No: NNE5/2001/318

The European legislation has made imperative to respect Montreal 1987 and Kyoto 1997 protocol (Ozone depletion, Total Equivalent of Warming Impact) especially in the refrigeration system regarding the use of CFC (banned), HCFC (banned in 2008) and HFC (to be decreased to a minimum use). Therefore, this project aims to develop a machine able to produce Ice-slurry at -35°C composed of a water solution with fine ice particles (in replacement of CFC, HCFC and HFC refrigerant) for a complete refrigeration loop. Scientific objectives are 1 To reduce the use of HFC (by a factor of 10 for a complete direct expansion installation) to the minimum level.2 A significant gain in energy efficiency (about 20%) compared to the use of single phase secondary refrigerant. 3 A reduction and optimisation of energy consumption thanks to the storage of the ice-slurry during off-peak electrical periods. 4 A system cheaper to set up and smaller due to the reduction of the transporting tube section.

ULCOS, Ultra Low CO2 Steelmaking, EU-program No: 515960

This proposal to the 6FP is part of ULCOS, an initiative launched by the major players in the European Steel Industry and its main partners in other industries and academia (47 partners, 15 European countries). A related proposal, also part of the ULCOS initiative, was presented to the RFCS program as proposal RFCS-PR-03113. ULCOS is a major RTD program, which plans to find innovative and breakthrough solutions to decrease the CO2 emissions of the Steel industry. The context is the post-Kyoto era. The target is an expected reduction of specific CO2 emissions of 50% as compared to a modern Blast Furnace. Within 5 years, the project will deliver a concept process route, based on iron ore, with a verification of its feasibility in terms of technology, economic projections and social acceptability. It would be unrealistic today to choose among the candidate technologies that show potential for achieving this target, be-cause they are still tentative and the successful one will have to be selected on technical and non-technical criteria (future energy market, internalisation of C2 mitigation costs in market prices, societal acceptance). The project hence starts by examining a panel of technologies, which have passed a first pre-screening but need to be investigated more closely. This approach is believed to be the most efficient in terms of resources and lead-time necessary to develop the new technology. Examined in the first stage of the proposed stage-gate approach, are: (1) new carbon-based smelting-reduction concepts, making use of the shaft furnace but also 2) of new less common reactors; (3) natural-gas based pre-reduction reactors be-yond state-of-the art technology; (4) hydrogen-based reduction using hydrogen from CO2-lean technologies; (5) direct production of steel by electrolysis, and(6) the use of biomass, which circulates carbon rapidly in the atmosphere. CO2 capture and storage(7) will be included in the design
Web Link : http://www.ulcos.org/en/index.php

ICAP Innovative CO2 capture EU-program No: 241393

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